Science Department
Department Description
Hunterdon Central's Science Department recognizes that science is a pervasive element in today’s society and that technology is one of its major driving forces. Because of this, the department's major focus is the scientific and technical literacy of Hunterdon Central's students.
Because the department is concerned both with scientific and technical literacy, the curriculum emphasizes both theoretical and applied science. Teachers and students are encouraged to study the fundamental laws of nature, to be involved in extensive laboratory activities and to become aware of the latest educational and scientific technologies.
In scientific and technical endeavors, there is a need for collaboration with scientists, technicians and citizens. Therefore, teachers and students are encouraged to collaborate in science activities both within the scientific community and throughout New Jersey.
All science courses in the department include a laboratory component, and strive to develop both cognitive and affective skills in each learner, as well as an awareness of the impact of science and technology on the learner’s current and future environment.
Department Curriculum
Click here to access the curriculum documents.
Graduation Requirement
At least 15 credits in Science are required to graduate from HCRHS, including lab biology; a choice among chemistry, physics or environmental science; and a third inquiry-based lab or technical science.
Program of Studies-Science
Click to view a video of Dr. Hall describing courses in the Science Department:
Science Course Descriptions
- Environmental & Earth Science
- Biology
- Chemistry
- Physics
- Electives
- Biomedical Science Academy Magnet Program
Environmental & Earth Science
- #401 — ENVIRONMENTAL & EARTH SCIENCE — 5 CREDITS
- #402 — ENVIRONMENTAL & EARTH SCIENCE CP — 5 CREDITS
- #403 — HONORS ENVIRONMENTAL & EARTH SCIENCE — 5 CREDITS
- #450 — ADVANCED PLACEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE — 10 CREDITS
#401 — ENVIRONMENTAL & EARTH SCIENCE — 5 CREDITS
Grade: 9
This is a lab-based course designed to address the Earth and Space Science portions of the New Jersey Student Learning Standards for Science as well as the development of science practice skills. This course is designed for students who enjoy science yet may require additional support and reinforcement in order to be fully successful. Concepts emphasized include the Earth and its Place in the Universe, Earth Structure and Composition, Geologic Processes and Plate Tectonics, Weather, Climate and Global Climate Change, Natural Hazards, Natural Resources, and Human Impact on the Environment.
#402 — ENVIRONMENTAL & EARTH SCIENCE CP — 5 CREDITS
Grade: 9
This is a lab-based course that is designed to address the Earth and Space Science portions of the New Jersey Student Learning Standards for Science as well as the development of science practice skills. This course provides an in-depth study and analysis of Earth and Space Science concepts and is designed for students who excel in science and math and who enjoy a challenging learning environment. Concepts emphasized include the Earth and its Place in the Universe, Earth Structure and Composition, Geologic Processes and Plate Tectonics, Weather, Climate and Global Climate Change, Natural Hazards, Natural Resources, and Human Impact on the Environment.
#403 — HONORS ENVIRONMENTAL & EARTH SCIENCE — 5 CREDITS
Grade: 9
Recommended: Successful completion of Algebra 1 in 7th or 8th Grade.
This is a weighted lab-based course designed to address the Earth and Space Science portions of the New Jersey Student Learning Standards for Science as well as the development of science practice skills. This course provides an in-depth study and analysis of Earth Science concepts and is designed for students who are able to learn and work independently at a faster pace and deeper level than is required in College Preparatory level Environmental & Earth Science. Concepts emphasized include the Earth and its Place in the Universe, Earth Structure and Composition, Geologic Processes and Plate Tectonics, Weather, Climate and Global Climate Change, Natural Hazards, Natural Resources, and Human Impact on the Environment.
#450 — ADVANCED PLACEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE — 10 CREDITS
Grades: 9, 11, 12
Prerequisite: Open to high performing 9th graders; otherwise, successful completion of #423 Honors Biology; or #452 AP Biology; or #433 Honors Chemistry; or #454 AP Chemistry; or departmental recommendation.
This is a weighted laboratory-oriented course that is designed to be the equivalent of a general environmental science college course. It will prepare students for the Advanced Placement Examination. Successful completion of the course may enable students to gain advanced standing at many colleges. The goal of the AP Environmental Science course is to provide students with the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies required to understand the interrelationships of the natural world, to identify and analyze environmental problems both natural and human-made, to evaluate the relative risks associated with these problems, and to examine alternative solutions for resolving and/or preventing them. The course is interdisciplinary and covers a wide variety of topics from different areas of study. Topics that will be studied include: environmental history, sustainability, basic ecological principles (ecosystems, energy flow, populations), biodiversity (aquatic, terrestrial, extinction), agriculture, natural resources (water, soil, geologic, atmospheric), energy (renewable, nonrenewable), pollution, climate change, and pest management. Students enrolled in an AP course are expected to take the AP Exam. In addition, students enrolled in an AP course who take the AP Exam will receive full AP weight for the course. Otherwise, Honors weight will apply.
Biology
- #421 — BIOLOGY — 5 CREDITS
- #422 — BIOLOGY CP — 5 CREDITS
- #423 — HONORS BIOLOGY — 5 CREDITS
- #452 — ADVANCED PLACEMENT BIOLOGY — 10 CREDITS
#421 — BIOLOGY — 5 CREDITS
Grades: 10
This is a lab-based course designed to address the Life Science portions of the New Jersey Student Learning Standards for Science as well as the development of science practice skills. This course is designed for students who enjoy science yet may require additional support and reinforcement in order to be fully successful. Concepts emphasized include cell structure and function, basic molecular biology, growth and development, metabolic processes, ecosystems, energy and nutrient cycling in nature, biodiversity, heredity and genetics, and biological evolution.
#422 — BIOLOGY CP — 5 CREDITS
Grades: 10
Prerequisites: Successful completion of #402 Environmental & Earth Science CP or departmental recommendation.
This is a lab-based course designed to address the Life Science portions of the New Jersey Student Learning Standards for Science as well as the development of science practice skills. This course provides an in-depth study and analysis of Life Science concepts and is designed for students who excel in science and math and who enjoy a challenging learning environment. Concepts emphasized include cell structure and function, basic molecular biology, growth and development, metabolic processes, ecosystems, energy and nutrient cycling in nature, biodiversity, heredity and genetics, and biological evolution.
#423 — HONORS BIOLOGY — 5 CREDITS
Grades: 10
Prerequisites: Successful Completion of #403 Honors Environmental & Earth Science or departmental recommendation
This is a weighted lab-based course designed to address the Life Science portions of the New Jersey Student Learning Standards for Science as well as the development of science practice skills. This course provides an in-depth study and analysis of Life Science concepts and is designed for students who are able to learn and work independently at a faster pace and deeper level than is required in College Preparatory level Biology. Concepts emphasized include cell structure and function, basic molecular biology, growth and development, metabolic processes, ecosystems, energy and nutrient cycling in nature, biodiversity, heredity and genetics, and biological evolution.
#452 — ADVANCED PLACEMENT BIOLOGY — 10 CREDITS
Grades: 10-12
Prerequisites: Open to high performing 10th graders by invitation; otherwise, successful completion of #403 Honors Environmental and Earth Science and departmental recommendation; or successful completion of #423 Honors Biology and departmental recommendation.
This is a weighted laboratory-oriented course that is equivalent to a general biology course usually taken during the first year of college. It is designed to prepare students for the Advanced Placement Examination. Students will engage in inquiry-based laboratory investigations to explore the topics of evolution, cellular processes, energy and communication, genetics, information transfer, ecology and interactions among organisms and their environments. Successful completion of the course may enable students to gain advanced standing at most colleges. Students enrolled in an AP course are expected to take the AP Exam. In addition, students enrolled in an AP course who take the AP Exam will receive full AP weight for the course. Otherwise, Honors weight will apply.
Chemistry
- #431 — CHEMISTRY — 5 CREDITS
- #432 — CHEMISTRY CP — 5 CREDITS
- #433 — HONORS CHEMISTRY — 5 CREDITS
- #454 — ADVANCED PLACEMENT CHEMISTRY — 10 CREDITS
#431 — CHEMISTRY — 5 CREDITS
Grades: 11-12
Prerequisite: Successful completion of Algebra 1 any level.
This is a lab-based course designed to address the Chemistry portions of the New Jersey Student Learning Standards for Science as well as the development of science practice skills. This course is designed for students who enjoy science yet may require additional reinforcement to be successful. Concepts emphasized include the structure and properties of matter, the Atomic Theory, the Periodic Table of Elements, chemical reactions, atomic interactions, and chemical nomenclature.
#432 — CHEMISTRY CP — 5 CREDITS
Grades: 11-12
Prerequisite: Successful completion of #422 Biology CP or departmental recommendation, and successful completion of #313 Algebra 1 CP.
This is a lab-based course designed to address the Chemistry portions of the New Jersey Student Learning Standards for Science as well as the development of science practice skills. This course provides an in-depth study and analysis of Chemistry concepts and is designed for students who excel in science and math and who enjoy a challenging learning environment. Students are introduced to theories and concepts of chemistry that include the study of matter, its properties and the changes it undergoes. Topics included are: chemical nomenclature, molar relationships, stoichiometry, gas laws, atomic theory, metric measurements and conversion, atomic structure, the periodic table, bonding, and solutions.
#433 — HONORS CHEMISTRY — 5 CREDITS
Grades: 11-12
Prerequisite: Successful completion of #423 Honors Biology or departmental recommendation, and successful completion of Algebra 1.
This is a weighted lab-based course designed to address the Chemistry portions of the New Jersey Student Learning Standards for Science as well as the development of science practice skills. This course provides an in-depth study and analysis of Chemistry concepts and is designed for students who are able to learn and work independently at a faster pace and deeper level than is required in College Preparatory level Chemistry. The emphasis in this course will be upon chemical structure and dynamics. Some of the concepts that will be treated are: significant digits and error in measurements, stoichiometry, electronic structure, chemical bonding, kinetics, equilibrium, acids and bases.
#454 — ADVANCED PLACEMENT CHEMISTRY — 10 CREDITS
Grades: 11-12
Prerequisite: Successful completion of #423 Honors Biology and departmental recommendation; or successful completion of #433 Honors Chemistry and department recommendation; or successful completion of #452 AP Biology; or successful completion of #456 AP Physics 1.
Additional prerequisite: Successful completion of #332 Algebra 2 STEM or #311 Honors Algebra 2 or equivalent.
Recommended: Successful completion of #433 Honors Chemistry or equivalent.
This is a weighted laboratory oriented course designed to prepare students for the Advanced Placement Examination. This course is equivalent to a first year college chemistry course. The content includes advanced concepts in atomic structure, chemical bonding, molecular structure, equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, and analytical techniques. There is a heavy emphasis on experimental work. Students enrolled in an AP course are expected to take the AP Exam. In addition, students enrolled in an AP course who take the AP Exam will receive full AP weight for the course. Otherwise, Honors weight will apply.
Physics
- #442 — PHYSICS CP — 5 CREDITS
- #443 — HONORS PHYSICS — 5 CREDITS
- #456 — AP PHYSICS 1 — 10 CREDITS
- #458 — AP PHYSICS (C) — 10 CREDITS
#442 — PHYSICS CP — 5 CREDITS
Grades: 11-12
Prerequisite: Successful completion of #422 CP Biology or #423 Honors Biology or departmental recommendation, and successful completion of, or concurrent enrollment in, Algebra 2.
This is a lab-based course designed to address the Physics portions of the New Jersey Student Learning Standards for Science as well as the development of science practice skills. This course provides an in-depth study and analysis of Physics concepts and is designed for students who excel in science and math and who enjoy a challenging learning environment. This is a traditional physics course that will include the study of motion, forces, energy, waves, electricity, and magnetism.
#443 — HONORS PHYSICS — 5 CREDITS
Grades: 11-12
Prerequisite: Successful completion of #423 Honors Biology or departmental recommendation, successful completion of Algebra 2.
This is a weighted lab-based course designed to address the Physics portions of the New Jersey Student Learning Standards for Science as well as the development of science practice skills. This course provides an in-depth study and analysis of Physics concepts and is designed for students who are able to learn and work independently at a faster pace and deeper level than is required in College Preparatory level Physics. Students will study one and two dimensional kinematics and dynamics. This will include such topics as displacement, velocity, acceleration, free fall, forces, Newton’s laws, circular motion, work, energy, power and momentum. Other topics include waves and vibrations, sound, and electricity and magnetism.
#456 — AP PHYSICS 1 — 10 CREDITS
Grades: 11-12
Co-requisite: #341 Honors Pre-Calculus #341
Prerequisites: Successful completion of #423 Honors Biology and departmental recommendation; or successful completion of #433 Honors Chemistry and departmental recommendation; or successful completion of #452 AP Biology; or successful completion of #454 AP Chemistry.
This weighted laboratory course is designed for students who are considering a science related career. Students will study one and two dimensional kinematics and dynamics. This will include such topics as displacement, velocity, acceleration, free fall, forces, Newton’s laws, rotational dynamics, work, energy, power and angular momentum. The course is designed to prepare students to take the Physics 1 Advanced Placement Examination. Students enrolled in an AP course are expected to take the AP Exam. In addition, students enrolled in an AP course who take the AP Exam will receive full AP weight for the course. Otherwise, Honors weight will apply.
#458 — AP PHYSICS (C) — 10 CREDITS
Grade: 12
Prerequisite: Successful completion of #456 AP Physics 1; or successful completion of #457 AP Environmental Science; or successful completion of #454 AP Chemistry; or successful completion of #452 AP Biology; or successful completion of #433 Honors Chemistry and departmental recommendation, or successful completion of #443 Honors Physics and departmental recommendation.
Additional Prerequisite/Co-requisite: Calculus #367, #347, #353 or #352.
This is a weighted course that is designed to be the equivalent of an engineering physics course usually taken during the first year of college. It is designed to prepare students for the Advanced Placement Examination. The content includes the items specified in the CEEB Advanced Placement Course Description booklet. Specifically, the course involves an elaboration of the principles typically encountered in mechanics, electricity & magnetism. Successful completion of the course may enable students to gain advanced standing at most colleges. Students enrolled in an AP course are expected to take the AP Exam. In addition, students enrolled in an AP course who take the AP Exam will receive full AP weight for the course. Otherwise, Honors weight will apply.
Electives
Please note that Science elective courses do not count toward fulfillment of the 15 credit science graduation requirement. Science elective courses are intended to allow students to pursue their interests into specific areas of scientific endeavor.
- #460 — ASTRONOMY — 2.5 CREDITS
- #461 — OCEANOGRAPHY — 2.5 CREDITS
- #462 — METEOROLOGY — 2.5 CREDITS
- #463 — AVIATION SCIENCE — 2.5 CREDITS
- #466 — HUMAN IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT — 2.5 CREDITS
- #467 — AQUATIC BIOLOGY — 2.5 CREDITS
- #470 — ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY — 5 CREDITS
- #472 — INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC INVESTIGATIONS — 2.5 CREDITS
- #474 — HONORS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY — 2.5 CREDITS
- #475 — HONORS GENETICS — 5 CREDITS
#460 — ASTRONOMY — 2.5 CREDITS
Grades: 10-12
The basis of this course will be found in the works of our earliest astronomers. During the course students study such topics as lunar motions, optics, spectroscopy, telescope design, planetary exploration, stellar classification and evolution, cosmology, and the future of space travel. Students will also become familiar with identifying common constellations and stars within the appropriate seasons.
#461 — OCEANOGRAPHY — 2.5 CREDITS
Grades: 10-12
The field of oceanography is an important tool for exploring major world systems. This course will focus on the interdisciplinary nature of oceanography through an examination of the geological, physical, chemical and biological aspects of the ocean. Topics include: origin of oceans, ocean composition, ocean wave processes, ocean tides, ocean currents, coastal oceanographic processes, ocean seafloor geology, marine communities and ecosystems, marine fisheries, marine resources, ocean pollution, as well as the ocean's role in climatic changes (i.e. El Nino, global warming, carbon dioxide cycles, glacial periods etc.).
#462 — METEOROLOGY — 2.5 CREDITS
Grades: 10-12
Meteorology is a relevant area of science and affects all people in their everyday lives. Students will apply scientific inquiry skills with an emphasis on real world applications and interpretation of data on weather maps. Students will be expected to construct, interpret, analyze, interpolate and extrapolate data on maps. Meteorology topics will include: a broad overview of the basics of meteorology, including temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, cloud formation, and atmospheric stability, and the role the sun plays in driving the weather. Additional topics will include tornadoes, hurricanes, El Nino, climate change, winter weather, numerical weather prediction, and urban heat islands.
#463 — AVIATION SCIENCE — 2.5 CREDITS
Grades: 12
Prerequisites: Successful completion of prior CP or Honors level science course; or departmental recommendation.
Students will learn about the broad field of aviation from the scientific principles underlying flight, air traffic control, flight planning as well as engineering through a developmental hands-on approach that includes building and testing your own designs of glider airplanes, parachutes, straw rockets, etc. Apply the scientific method to testing your designs to study how changes in design impact flight performance. This is a hands-on course that also includes using flight simulator software. See how meteorology impacts flight planning. Learn how the aviation industry responds to changing market demands in building planes as well as designing routes. Know the difference between different classes of airspace, the FAA’s role in controlling aircraft and protecting our airways. It will change your perception of what goes on behind the scenes the next time you fly!
#466 — HUMAN IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT — 2.5 CREDITS
Grades: 10-12
This inquiry-based course examines the interrelationships between living organisms and their surroundings. Emphasis is placed upon the global impact that humans have on the environment, both living and non-living. Current events will be explored and discussed as they occur within the context of what is being learned in class. The students will explore, in depth, all sides of environmental issues. An emphasis will be placed on problem solving and action research giving personal meaning to the phrase, "Think globally, and act locally."
#467 — AQUATIC BIOLOGY — 2.5 CREDITS
Grades 11-12
Prerequisites: Successful completion of prior CP or Honors level Biology; or departmental recommendation.
In this lab-based course, students will dive into the fascinating world of aquatic ecosystems. Through engaging lab work and investigation, students will explore the rich diversity of life in both freshwater and saltwater environments. Using the campus' aquatic resources and the Jersey Shore as a living laboratory, the class will compare how different organisms, such as plankton, crabs and turtles, adapt to challenges within their habitats. Students will also investigate the impact of human activities on New Jersey's aquatic wildlife, from the smallest invertebrates, such as Daphnia, to large iconic species, such as seals and dolphins. A highlight of this course is a field trip to Barnegat Bay where students will have an opportunity to apply their knowledge in a real-world setting, collecting data, and gaining insight into the marine life they encounter.
#470 — ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY — 5 CREDITS
Grades: 11-12
Prerequisite: Successful completion of prior CP or Honors level science course; or departmental recommendation.
Special Note: This course should not be taken if the student has already taken #483-Biomedical Sciences 3-Anatomy & Physiology/Medical Terminology.
This is a laboratory-oriented course designed for students who are considering health and laboratory related careers. It consists of the study of the human body and the related areas of health and disease. Laboratory work is a major part of the course, and the students will perform various physiological experiments that include the dissection of a representative animal for human anatomy, analysis of tissue samples, urine analysis, hearing and visual perception, and viewing of surgical and nonsurgical procedures. This course has a dual enrollment agreement with Raritan Valley Community College. Eligible students can earn 4 credits for RVCC’s course, BIOL 120-Human Biology. Visit the HCRHS dual enrollment webpage for more information.
#472 — INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC INVESTIGATIONS — 2.5 CREDITS
Grades: 11-12
Prerequisites: Successful completion of prior CP- or Honors-level science course; or departmental recommendation.
Co-requisite: #432 Chemistry CP; or #433 Honors Chemistry; or #454 AP Chemistry.
Recommended: Successful prior completion of #432 Chemistry CP; or #433 Honors Chemistry; or equivalent.
The goal of the course is to have students integrate prior knowledge obtained in Biology AND Chemistry courses through the scientific processes of analysis, interpretation, measurement, technology, design, and collaboration. The course is interdisciplinary and covers a range of topics and fields associated with scientific and forensic applications, procedures, and analysis. It is designed around students solving crime scene scenarios through the use of several skills including but not limited to, simulated blood splatter and trajectory analysis, DNA evidence, animal and insect (entomology) evidence, hair and fiber evidence, toxicology, and serology.
#474 — HONORS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY — 2.5 CREDITS
Grades: 12
Prerequisite: Successful completion of prior Honors-level science course; or departmental recommendation.
Recommended: Successful completion of #433 Honors Chemistry or equivalent.
This course is designed for students interested in continuing their studies in chemistry. This course focuses on the chemistry of carbon compounds. The content includes nomenclature, structural formulas, alkanes, aldehydes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, carbonyl compounds. Labs include synthesis and analysis of organic compounds. This course is designed to give students background for future science courses, such as AP Biology, and for students interested in medicine, pharmacy and nutrition science.
#475 — HONORS GENETICS — 5 CREDITS
Grades: 11-12
Prerequisites: Successful completion of prior Honors-level Biology course; or departmental recommendation.
Co-requisite: #432 Chemistry CP; or #433 Honors Chemistry; or #454 AP Chemistry.
Honors Genetics is a year-long laboratory-oriented course intended for highly motivated students interested in the field of genetics. Topics covered include: molecular genetics (DNA structure, DNA replication, protein synthesis, bacterial transformation) cancer genetics, epigenetics, pharmacogenetics, and the genetics of addiction. Students will perform basic molecular techniques including bacterial transformation and gel electrophoresis. The ethical, legal and social implications of genetic research will be discussed.